involved in first efforts of international banking
The Order of the Temple
branch of Order of the Quest
the Knights Templar brought the Mysteries from the Middle East to Europe
French-speaking
Followers of Hasan Ibn Saba
Knights Templar Masonic Lodge
Columbian faction of the Illuminati
New York
The Empire State
York Rite
Duke of York
Old York, England
"the ends justify the means"
held annual fairs
2 Knights riding horse
symbol of sacrifice
denoted vow of poverty
wore clothes given to them by the pious
each Knight had
3 horses each
esquire
serving-brother or laymen
yeoman
Equipment
lighter than other Crusaders
shields, sword, lance and mace
Gloves
Lambskin aprons
Compass and square
Militia Temple
Lodge room floor
circle and mosaic pavement
Soldiers of the Temple
Classes
affiliated
without taking vows
serving-brothers
chaplains
chieftly knights
consecrate lives in defense of mysteries of Christian faith
devoted to cross because of power gained
complete obedience to orders of Grand Master
secret Saracens
obscene orgies
devil-worshippers
Sweet Mother of God
patroness
Yallah
O Allah!
Beauséant
striped black and white banner
battle-cry
after original piebald horse
androgynous god
male/female
positive/negative
yin/yang
floor of Cathedral of Chartres
built by Templars
Retired knights
looked after
become counselors at meetings
buried in coffins with legs crossed
many show Knight with feet up on a dog
combines two functions
monk
live chastely in accordance with rules of St. Augustine
knight
fight Saracens with sword and spirit
forbade yielding any land to the enemy
never retreat unless the odds against them were more than 3 to 1
Candidate
21 years or older
minimum age to bear arms
Knightly Family
father must have been knight or eligible to become one
born in wedlock
free from all obligations
made no vow
unmarried
not in debt
never entered any other Order
Knighted
Ceremony held in secret
The Master opened
“Beloved brethren, ye see that the majority are agreed to receive this man as a brother. If there be any among you who knows anything of him, on account of which he cannot lawfully become a brother, let him say it; for it is better that this should be signified beforehand than after he is brought before us.”
If no objection, aspirant sent to small room with two or three experienced knights to coach him
asked if desired to join
dwell upon trials and rigors
asked him qualification questions
Passed to Master
asked company if knew anything that might disqualify him
“Are you willing that he should be brought in, in God's name?”
“Let him be brought in, in God's name.”
Asked again if still desired to enter
“Sir, I am come before God and before you for the sake of God and our dear Lady, to admit me into your Society, and the good deeds of the Order, as one who will be all his life long servant and slave of the Order.”
“Beloved brother,” answered the receptor, “you are desirous of a great matter for you see nothing but the outward shell of our Order. It is only the outward shell when you see
that we have fine horses and rich caparisons, that we eat and drink well and are splendidly clothed. From this you conclude that you will be well off with us. But you know not rigorous maxims which are in our interior. For it is a hard matter for you, who are your own master, to become the servant of another. You will hardly be able to perform, in future, what you wish yourself. For when you may wish to be on this side of the sea, you will be sent to the other side; when you will wish to be in Acre, you will be sent to the district of Antioch, to Tripolis, or to Armenia; or you will be sent to Apulia, to Sicily, or to Lombardy, or to Burgundy, France, England, or any other country where we have houses and possessions. When you will wish to sleep, you will be ordered to watch; when you will wish to watch, then you will be ordered to go to bed; when you will wish to eat, then you will be ordered to do something else. And as both we and you might suffer great inconvenience from what you have mayhap concealed from us, look here on the holy evangelists and the word of God and answer the truth to the questions which we shall put to you; for if you lie you will be perjured, and may be expelled the Order, from which God keep you!”
Admitted
white mantle with red cross
placed by Master over neck of candidate
Chaplain recite 132nd Psalm
prayer of Holy Ghost
each brother repeated a Pater Noster
Master and Chaplain kissed new entrant on mouth
Chaplain delivered sermon on his duties
Knights of Malta
Hospitalliers
refused to pay tithes to Patriarch of Jerusalem
build immense buildings in front of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
combined with Templars
moved to Cyprus
moved to Rhodes
Grand Master, Roger de Moulins
founded in Jerusalem protecting Christian pilgroms visiting the Holy Sepulchre
have their own Constitution
sworn to work toward NWO with Pope at its head
world head
elected for life term
Pope approval
diplomatic immunity
can ship goods across borders without paying duty or undergoing customs checks
alliance between Vatican and Black Nobility
Black Nobility is the family that can claim direct descendancy from the last Roman emperor.
Assistant Administrator for Global Programs, Agency for International Development
son, Paul
began career in OSS during WW2 parachuting behind enemy lines setting up resistent groups
director, CIA
1973 - 1976
fired by President Ford for cooperating too freely with investigators looking into wrongdoing of the agency
chief spy in Saigon
oversaw Operation: Phoenix
assassination campaign
25,000 youth of South Vietnam
Bo Gritz
Honorable Men
4/27/1996
workedfrom 11AM until 5:30 PM on his sailboat at a nearby marina
37 ' Eagle Wing II
replaced sail shredded in windstorm the summer before
bought a dozen clams from Captain John's
7PM - called Sally
7:15 PM
Colby wore red windbreaker, khaki slacks and loafers
gardener Joseph "Carroll" Wise dropped by to introduce his sister
"Carroll, you've got a new car"
"No, that's my sister's van. That's why I've dropped by. I'd like to introduce you".
his next-door neighbors saw him watering a willow tree
Clyde Stokes
wife, Alice
7:57 PM - sunset
wind up
water choppy
Moon: First Quarter
8:10 PM - Twilight
8:15 PM - Street lights
8:30 PM - dark
8:35 PM - pitch black
4/28/1996 - went missing
Kevin Akers
5'2"
29
Carpenter
found overturned green canoe in Potamac River
Wicomico River
100 yards from his home's dock
filled with sand
house
Red Fiat parked near house
Canoe gone
ladder still in water
uneaten food, clam shells in kitchen sink, dishes on table and stove
favorite dish
unfinished glass of wine on the counter
opened wine bottle on table in sunroom
black leather wallet on kitchen table
contained $296
14 twenties
16 ones
comb
file
membership cards
credit cards
drivers license
silver key ring with 5 keys
left radio and computer on
doors unlocked
lights on
Alice Stokes called 911
8:18 PM - Officer Sharon Walsh arrived
Alice phone Sally in Houston
Sharon spoke to her
rescue workers, divers and Coast Guard representatives arrived
4/29/1996 - searched 9 days
over a dozen Navy divers
2 helicopters
volunteers in boats
drag-lines
about 100 searchers
Lt Mark Sanders
Maryland Natural Resources Police
chief of the search effort
Detective Captain J.C. Montminy, Jr.
Commander of the investigation
body found 9 days later by assistant to Mark Sanders
John Smialek
53
6'1"
Maryland's chief medical examiner
died of heart attack while canoeing
assistant, Johnny D
autopsy performed by David R. Fowler
assistant medical examiner
stomach contents included corn and clams
William Wilson
first U.S. Ambassador to the Vatican
took unauthorized trip to Libya
met privately with Libyan officials
Khadafi issued press release stating that "an American diplomat had been sent to reduce tensions with Libya"
5 oil conglomerates profitted dealing with Khadafi
W.R. Grace
President, J. Peter Grace
stood next to George Schultz and his wife at a Papal Easter Mass
member
CFR
Bohemian Club
Bechtel Corporation
Frank Shakespeare
replaced William Wilson
Myron Taylor
President Roosevelt's envoy
John McCone
President Kennedy's envoy
director, CIA
William Casey
director, CIA
member, CFR
head of Ronald Reagan's campaign
head of Securities and Exchange Commission
head of Export-Import Bank during Nixon administration
arranged financing for the Kama River truck factory in the Soviet Union
90% of the funds guaranteed or furnished by the U.S. Taxpayer
military truck and tank engines built for the Soviet Army
largest factory in the world
Iran-Contra
George H. W. Bush
Anne Armstrong
chairman. the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
Donald T Regan
White House Chief of Staff
caused President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board to be emasculated
so that Bush, Casey, North and others could carry out their dirty deeds without oversight
developed plan to suspend the Consitution
Caught
hearings suppressed by Hawaii Senator Daniel Inouye
Committee chairman
Thomas Melady
President Bush appointed to U.S. Ambassador to Vatican
Pat Buchanon
Rudolph Giuliani
Prescott Bush, Jr.
Bill Donovan
Allen Dulles
Otto von Hapsburg
Heinrich Himmler
J. Edgar Hoover
5/2/1972 - died
Joseph Kennedy
Ted Kennedy
Frank Sinatra
Nelson Mandela
Sammy Davis, Jr.
Dagelbert
one of last kings of Merovingian Franks
long-haired kings
power vested in hair
rose-red cross birthmark
Clovis the 1st
king sanctioned by Rosen Church
679 - Dagelbert II assassinated
son, Sigebert thought to have died with him
stone depicts rescue of him carried to safety to Ren de Chateau
ancestral home of his mother
grew to manhood
Godfrey of Boullion
House of Boullion
Duke of Lorraine
descended from Dagelbert II
1090 - Order of Our Lady of the Mount of Zion
5 of 9 original knights were members
1099 - Holy Roman Empire took control of Jerusalem
crown offered to Godfrey of Boullion
Abbey of Notre Damn Vizione
1110 - Prieuré de Sion appeared on Temple Mount in Jerusalem
recruited nine knights to scour the Temple Mount for ancient remains of the relics
holy grail
robe of Jesus
cross of crucifixion
relics found
entrusted to Knights Templar
hidden in France
someone's bones
when NWO is solidified, the relics will be united with the Spear of Destiny
give the world's ruler absolute power
preserve and record the bloodline of Jesus and the House of David
the first Christian king of Jerusalem
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
Bernard de Fontaine
Abbott of Clairvaux
Cistercian Order
monastic, non-military equivalent of Templar Monks
admirer and nephew of a Templar Knight
infiltrated Catholic church
principal advisor to Pope
used influence to formally recognize the Knights Templar order
founded 68 Cistercian abbeys
1113 - one abbey founded with the purpose of guarding a great secret
white monks
wore white
2/1117 - 8 noblemen met with Bernard at one of his churches
Hughes of Champagne
Hugh de Payens
Hugues of Payens
Hughes the Moore
descendent of Muhammad
cousin of Hughes of Champagne and Saint Bernard
related to Patriarch of Jerusalem
granted order Cross of Lorraine
1st insignia
later adopted the Croix Pate
first grandmaster
nominated by Bernard
took delegation through France and England, recruiting
convinced kings to gift them vast tracts of land
castles, estates, wineries, villages, towns
rented to tenants
fleet of ships
transported wine and wool to be sold throughout Europe
Richard I of England enthusiastic
formed the Poor Militia of Christ
warrior monks
1118 - 9 knights bound themselves together in creation of knightly Order
Jerusalem
Zion
Fulk
Count of Anjou
joined as married member
gave annual grant of 30 pounds of silver
order changed named to Poor Fellow Soldiers of Jesus Christ
recognized by Baldwin as Knighthood of Temple of Solomon
each member from tightly knit Rex Deus families
exoterically protect Christian pilgrims from bandits as they travelled to Jerusalem
international bankers
similar to Note of Hand
Eastern Sufi Muslim system
deposit hard money in return for coded voucher
usury
Baldwin II of Jerusalem
granted them part of his palace to live in and gave them a grant toward upkeep
Al Aksa mosque
705 - built upon location of Temple of Solomon
Temple Mount
excavate in search of treasure
80 foot deep shaft
network of tunnels
full of artifacts
swords and crosses
knowledge passed down by oral tradition
Baldwin active participant
Copper Scrolls from Kumran reference temple treasures
Harem esh-Sharif
prisoner of Saracens
knew of their disunity
Islam must unite against Christian invasion
1127 - sent two Templars to Pope, applying for official recognition of Order by the Holy See
first time close to religion
introduced to Saint Bernard
Grand master arrived in Europe to receive eulastic opinion
“They go not headlong into battle, but with care and foresight, peacefully, as true children of Israel. But as soon as the fight had begun, they rush without delay upon the foe . . . and know no fear . . . one has often put to flight a thousand; two, ten thousand . . . gentler than lambs and grimmer than lions; theirs is the mildness of monks and the valor of the knight.”
1/31/1128 - Master appeared before Council of Troyes
10 bishops
Archbishops of Rheims and Sens
Abbots including St. Bernard
Cardinal of Albano
Papal legate
approved
Pope Honorius chose for them a white mantle, completely plain
1129 - Master led train of pilgrims to Holy Land
accompanied by 300 knights
allied with Assassins to take Damascus
1133 - King Alfonzo
from Acagon & Nakar
fought Spanish Moors in 29 battles
willed country to Templars
Moors prevented Templars from claiming their rights
1139 - Bernard influenced Pope Innocent II to issue Papal Bull Omni Datum Optimum
freed Knights Templar from authority of kings and clergy
Bertrand de Blancford became 4th joint Grand Master of Templars and Order of Zion
William of Tyre calls a 'pious and God-fearing man'
Sultan Abbas
put to death the Caliph
son, Nasiredin
professed desire to become Christian
sold by Templars to his father's enemies for 60,000 pieces of gold
Pope Adrian IV died
two rival popes elected
Alexander III
Sicilian
Victor III
Imperial Party
1161 - acknowledged by Templars
switched to Alexander
January, 1162 - Omne Datum Optimum
Templars released from all spiritual ties except to the Holy See
permitted to have special burial grounds in own houses
could have chaplains of their own
no tithes
allowed to receive tithes
no one who once entered the Order could leave except to join one with stricter discipline
1167 - Grand Master, Philip of Nablus
Syrian
1184 - Robert of St. Albans left the Templars
became Moslem
led army for Saladin against Jerusalem
in hands of Franks
Kurdish Muslim from Iraq
founder, Ayubid dynasty
ruled Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Heshaz, Yemen
recaptured Palestine from Crusaders
1185 - Church of Knights Templar in London consecrated by Patriarch of Jerusalem
1187
5/1 - Battle of Cresson
7/1 - Saladin captured Tiberias
Latin Christians held onto narrow territory along coast
7/3 - attacked nearby Hittin at Dawn
30,000 Christians captured
King of Jerusalem
Grand Master, Gerard de Ridfort
only one not beheaded
Reginald of Chatillon
non-Templar
claimed Islam to try to be spared
sentenced to death
for war crime of killing unarmed pilgrims to Mecca
1188 - Documents of Order of Zion referred to Templars as treachery
Templars changed name to Priurie de Scion
Priory of Zion
P. S.
Order of the Rose Croix Veritas
Order of the True Rose Cross
European possessions numbered over 7000 estates and foundations
France, England, Portugal, Castile, Leon, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Italy, Sicily
9000 preceptories
annual income
6 million pounds sterling
1192 - Disguised as a Knight Templar, King Richard I sailed from Corfu with four attendants, but his ship was wrecked near Aquileia, forcing Richard and his party into a dangerous land route through central Europe
1208 - Pope Innocent III
“Causing their churches to be thrown open for Mass to be said every day with loud ringing of bells, bearing the cross of Christ on their breasts but not caring to follow his doctrines which forbid to giving offense to any of the little ones who believe in him. Following the doctrines of demons, they affix their cross of their Order upon the breast of every kind of scoundrel, asserting that whoever by paying two or three pence a year became one of their fraternity could not, even if interdicted, be deprived of Christian burial . . . and thus they themselves, being captive to the devil, cease not to make captive the souls of the faithful, seeking to make alive those whom they knew to be dead . . .”
1215
Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II
1223
Count Rudolph von Habsburg
Scottish Rite lodge in South Carolina received charter from Frederick
Armand de Perigord
Grand Master
1224 - Richard de Bures born
Grand Master
1247 - died
1252 - Henry III of England
“You prelates and religious, especially you Templars and Hospitallers, have so many liberties and charters that your enormous possessions make you rave with pride and haughtiness. What was imprudently given must therefore be prudently revoked; and what was inconsiderately bestowed must be considerately recalled.”
Master of the Templars replied
“What sayest thou, O King? Far be it that thy mouth should utter so disagreeable and silly a word. So long as thou dost exercise justice thou wilt reign; but if thou infringe it, thou wilt cease to be King!”
1296 - Egyptian Sultan pushed Crusaders into the sea
Island of Cyprus
Brian De Jaye
Master
King Edward told him of his plans to chastise William Wallace
asked Templars to go with him to fight for England
Jacque de Molay
Hiram Abiff
Hiram of Tyre
center of ancient Phoenician culture
a coin depicts return of fallen snake-god
serpent entwined around tree stump
tree stump
fallen god and ruined kingdom
serpent attempting to restore fallen kingdom
cornucopia
left of stump
empty
will return when fallen god is restored to rightful position
flourishing palm tree
right of stump
symbol of victory
Aesculapius
child of the Sun
enlightener of mankind
the man-instructing snake
struck down by thunderbolt of Zeus
cast into the underworld
Master Builder
Temple of Solomon
never murdered
in the Bible, went back home to Tyre
swore to destroy state, church and mob
De Molay International
The De Molay Society
The De Molays
each chapter must be sponsored by a recognized group of Freemasons
Members
Walt Disney
Pete Rose
John Wayne
John Steinbeck
Mel Blanc
Bob Mathias
1305 - King Philip IV ready to bring all power of church and state against Templars
French King
laid conspiracy for suppression of Order for all time
wanted to finance war against Edward I of England
son-in-law, Edward II
priest sent to invite him to act against the Order
Pope Clement V crowned
Bearfun Degu
mother, Inga de Blanchfur
wrote asking them to visit for a conference to make plans for aiding kings of Armenia and Cyprus
William de Villaret
Master of the Hospital
engaged in attack upon Saracens of Rhodes when invitation arrived so could not obey it
Jacque de Molay accepted
handed over defense of Limassol in Cyprus to Order's Marshall
collected 60 knights
packed 150,000 gold florins
set sail for France
received with honors
met Clement in Poitiers
discussed possibility of fresh Crusade
rumors circulated about serious charges against the Order
Jacque returned to Poitiers
1306 - when Jerusalem lost, HQ transferred to Paris
Temple
King Philip the Fair took refuge
1307
April
Pope mentioned charges
Squin de Flexian
in prison with Noffo Dei
Florentine
thought could be released if testified against Order
1. Each Templar on his admission swore never to quit the Order, and to further its interests by right or wrong.
2. The heads of the Order are in secret alliance with the Saracens, and they have more of Mohammedan infidelity than Christian faith.
Proof of the latter includes that they make every novice spit upon the cross and trample upon it
blaspheme the faith of Christ in various ways.
3. The heads of the Order are heretical, cruel and sacrilegious men. Whenever any novice, on discovering the iniquity of the Order, tries to leave it, they kill him and bury the body secretly by night. They teach women who are pregnant by them how to procure abortion, and secretly murder such newborn children.
4. They are infected with the errors of the Fratecelli; they despise the Pope and the authority of the Church; they scorn the sacraments, especially those of penance and confession. They pretend to comply with the rites of the Church simply to avoid detection.
5. The superiors are addicted to the most infamous excesses of debauchery. If anyone expresses his repugnance to this, he is punished by perpetual captivity.
6. The Temple-houses are the receptacle of every crime and abomination that can be committed.
7. The Order works to put the Holy Land into the hands of the Saracens, and favors them more than the Christians.
8. The Master is installed in secret and few of the younger brethren are present at this ceremony. It is strongly suspected that on this occasion he repudiates the Christian faith, or does something contrary to right.
9. Many statutes of the Order are unlawful, profane and contrary to Christianity. [In fact, some of them are stone penises.] The members are therefore forbidden under pain of perpetual confinement to reveal them to anyone.
10. No vice or crime committed for the honor or benefit of the Order is held to be a sin.
Later charges of adoration of Head of Baphomet
represents receptable of intelligence
the Ancient of Days
Creator
9/12 - sealed letter sent to all governors and Royal officers throughout France
arm themselves on the 12th of next month and open sealed orders and act upon them forthwith
sieze, torture interrogate
confessions obtained
pardon maybe promised if confessed
10/12 - Grand Master chosen by King to be pall-bearer at state funeral
Friday, October 13th - Knights Templar arrested
King took possession of Temple at Paris
master, Senior Degu
10/14 - University of Paris assembled
Chancellor declared knights had been proceeded against for heresy
10/16 - University met in Temple
heads of Order including Grand Master interrogated
accused of denying Christ
confessed to forty years guilt
10/19 - 140 prisoners tortured by Dominican Imbert in Paris Temple
produced confessions
36 died
Pope tried to escape to Bordeaux
stopped by King
546 knights brought to Paris
75 Templars drew defense
Edward defended Templars to the Pope
Act of Accusation
“At the time of their reception they were made to deny God, Christ, the Virgin, etc., and in particular to declare that Christ was not the true God, but a false prophet, who had been crucified for his own crimes and not for the redemption of the world. They spat and trampled upon the cross, especially on Good Friday. They worshiped a cat, which sometimes appeared in their chapters. Their priests, when celebrating Mass, did not pronounce the words of consecration. They believed that their Master could absolve them from their sins. They were told at their reception that they might abandon themselves to all kinds of licentiousness. They have idols in all their provinces, some with three faces, some with one. They worshiped these idols in their chapters, believed that they could save them, regarded them as the givers of wealth to the order and of the fertility to the earth; they touched them with cords which they afterwards tied around their own bodies. Those who at the time of their reception would not comply with these practices were put to death or imprisoned.”
Templars denied every charge
King accused Knights: polluters of the error and devouring wolves
54 Knights committed to flames
Public meeting in Royal Gardens
addressed by monks and representatives
11/22 - Pope Clement wrote to London saying the Master of the Temple had confessed that Knights denied Christ. Others admitted idolatry and other crimes. Called upon King of England to arrest all Templars within his domains
11/26 - King of England wrote to the Senescal of Agen asking about charges
12/4 - King of England wrote to kings of Portugal, Castile, Aragon and Sicily asking what they heard
12/10 - King of England wrote to Pope expressing disbelief what King Philip said, begging Pope to inquire
12/15 - Papal Bull arrived
12/26 - Edward sent word to Wales, Scotland, and Ireland that Templars were all to be seized
January, 1308 - Edward issued orders for arrest of Knights Templar
10/13/1311
Pope led convocation of 114 bishops
Spain, England, Germany, Denmark, Ireland and Scotland
agreed to allow Templars to defend themselves
nine knights came forward to testify
1313
3/22 - Pope abolished Order
5/2 - Order ceased officially to exist
Grand Master sentenced to perpetual imprisonment
most other knights released
De Molay and Guy of Auvergne proclaimed innocence
burned at stake
worship of old Gods prohibited
1362
English courts changed language used for court proceedings from French to English
1381 - The Peasant's Revolt
property seized unlawfully from the Templars and given to the rival group, International Society of the Red Cross
secret meetings held thoughout Central England
Great Society
Great plan
based in London
Hospitallers dragged from Tower of London
head struck off
placed on London Bridge
cut off head of Archbishop of Canterbury
leading Catholic prelate in England
John Ball
Saint Mary Priest
Trinity
Ecclasiastic prison
Maidstone, Kent
now is the time
"John Ball greeteth you well all, and doth you to understand that he hath rongen your bell. Now right and might, will and skill. Now God speed [haste you in] every dele [William Cooper: which means 'ideal']."
From priest Jake Carter: "You have great need to take God with you in all of your deeds, for now is time to be war."
From priest Jake Trewman: "Jake Trewman doth you to understand that falseness and gile reigned too long and truth hath been set under a lock, and falseness reignth in evervil flock. God do bote, for now is time."
used in Reagan/Bush campaign
used again in the Bush campaign
French Revolution
Knights of the Temple of Solomon
rival
Jerusalem
Free and Accepted Masons
Walter "Wat" Tyler
Supreme Commander
Master Mason
enforcement officer of the Masonic lodge
sentry / sergeant-at-arms
screens credentials of visiters who seek entrance
post
just outside the door of the Lodge room
stands with drawn sword
Templars flocked to England and Scotland
fought for Robert the Bruce
against England
Pirates
Brotherhood of Death
Skull and Bones
on land
Christopher Columbus
Grace A. Fendler
New Truths About Columbus
A Greek Nobleman
Platonist
John Cabot
Giovanni Caboto
Amerigo Vespucci
Christopher Colon
born in Genoa
the dove of Genoa
naturalized in Venice
Johanites
secret Christian sect
esoteric doctrines of the Templars
Ancient Order of the Temple
visited Mecca
acquainted with wise men of Near East
entrusted by king to arbitrate disputes in Denmark over fisheries of Iceland
Antonio Cabot paid pension by English Privy Purse for several years after John Cabot died.
passed through hands of English merchant Rici D'Americke